Gardens, parks and designed landscapes.

Kasteel van Gaasbeek

Lennik

Kasteel van Gaasbeek is a château at Lennik, Vlaams-Brabant, in Belgium. The recorded building campaigns date from the 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Its architecture is recorded as barok. The register records it as “beschermd onroerend erfgoed”. Details are drawn from the Inventaris Onroerend Erfgoed (Vlaanderen).

Kroměříž Castle

Kroměříž’s archiepiscopal castle is a Baroque monument in Moravia. The institution describes centuries of ownership by the bishops and archbishops of Olomouc, for whom it served as a representative residence and meeting place. The castle and its gardens entered the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.

Ljubljana Botanical Garden

The University of Ljubljana Botanic Garden began in 1810 during the Illyrian Provinces, initially as a collection of native flora associated with the Central School. Franc Hladnik planned the garden and became its first director. It has belonged to the University of Ljubljana since 1920. Its history includes plant exchange, botanical publications and the development of glasshouse collections. The garden’s own historical account records protection as a monument of landscape gardening from 1991 and the opening of a new tropical glasshouse in 2010.

Loki-Schmidt-Garten

The Loki-Schmidt-Garten is the 24-hectare outdoor site of Hamburg’s botanical garden in Klein Flottbek. The institution’s greenhouses are at a separate site at Dammtor. The university describes research, education and recreation among its purposes. Its botanical work includes biodiversity, nature conservation and understanding plants.

Manoir de Fontenay

Lignières-de-Touraine · Indre-et-Loire

Manoir de Fontenay is a manor house at Lignières-de-Touraine, Indre-et-Loire, in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. The recorded building campaigns date from the 15th and 16th centuries. It is protected as a monument historique at the second level (inscrit). Details are drawn from the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture.

Manoir de Senneville

Amfreville-sous-les-Monts · Eure

Manoir de Senneville is a manor house at Amfreville-sous-les-Monts, Eure, in the Normandie region of France. The recorded building campaigns date from the 16th and 17th centuries. It is protected as a monument historique at the higher of the two levels (classé). Details are drawn from the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture.

Manoir de Tronjoly

Cléder · Finistère

Manoir de Tronjoly is a manor house at Cléder, Finistère, in the Bretagne region of France. The recorded building campaigns date from the 16th and 17th centuries. It is protected as a monument historique at the higher of the two levels (classé). Details are drawn from the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture.

Manoir des Basses-Rivières

Rochecorbon · Indre-et-Loire

Manoir des Basses-Rivières is a manor house at Rochecorbon, Indre-et-Loire, in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. The recorded building campaign dates from the 18th century. It is protected as a monument historique at the second level (inscrit). Details are drawn from the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture.

Manoir seigneurial de Maré

Pontlevoy · Loir-et-Cher

Manoir seigneurial de Maré is a manor house at Pontlevoy, Loir-et-Cher, in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. The recorded building campaigns date from the 15th and 16th centuries. It is protected as a monument historique at the second level (inscrit). Details are drawn from the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture.

Milde Arboretum and Botanical Garden

The Arboretum at Milde lies south of Bergen and forms part of the University Museum’s living plant collections. It brings together trees and shrubs from Norway and other regions. The university identifies rhododendron collections, a heather garden, historic Bergen garden plants at Blondehushagen and a rose collection among its principal features. Bergen Botanical Garden is immediately adjacent, allowing the two collections to be visited together. The university states that the outdoor areas are open throughout the year and admission is free.

National Botanic Gardens (Ireland)

The National Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin in Dublin hold plant collections from habitats around the world. Their restored historic glasshouses include Richard Turner’s Curvilinear Range and the Great Palm House. The gardens have been associated with their counterpart at Kilmacurragh in County Wicklow since 1854.

Nygårdsparken

Nygårdsparken occupies sloping ground between Nygård and Møhlenpris in Bergen. Its creation followed the establishment of a park association in 1880 by physicians Joachim Georg Wiesener and Klaus Hanssen. Bergen municipality identifies the English landscape style as a defining quality of the park. Recent rehabilitation has included paths, planting, drainage and water features; a recreation of the historic lower-park fountain was installed in April 2024. The municipality maintains the grounds as a public park and meeting place.

Orto Botanico dell'Università di Bologna

Bologna’s botanical garden and herbarium form part of the university museum system. Their collections developed in parallel, with major herbarium holdings associated with directors of the garden. The institution is located at Via Irnerio 42 in Bologna.

Orto Botanico di Bergamo "Lorenzo Rota"

Bergamo’s botanical garden was inaugurated on 17 June 1972, following a project begun in 1969 by Luciano Malanchini and Guido Isnenghi. Its origins were civic rather than academic. The Italian environmental institute ISPRA describes thematic beds devoted largely to native flora, including woodland, alpine and aquatic environments.

Orto Botanico di Firenze

Florence’s Giardino dei Semplici was founded on 1 December 1545 by Cosimo I de Medici. The university garden maintains living plant collections for conservation, research and education. Its collections use several organising principles, including plant relationships, adaptation to environmental conditions, and uses such as food, medicine, textiles and dyes.

Oslo Botanical Garden

Oslo Botanical Garden is at Tøyen and is part of the University of Oslo’s Natural History Museum. The garden includes an arboretum, systematic and herb collections, an alpine garden and themed planting. Its Oldemors hage section opened in 2008 and conserves old perennial garden plants gathered from eastern Norway. The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research describes that section as both a living gene bank and an accessible sensory garden. Its plants were selected for documented cultivation histories reaching back to the 1950s or earlier.

Oslo Palace Park

The Palace Park, Slottsparken, surrounds the Royal Palace in Oslo. The Royal Court describes it as one of the capital’s earliest large parks and states that it has been open to the public from the beginning. Its landscape includes lawns, meadows, perennial planting, mature trees and ponds. The park is a protected cultural monument cared for by the Royal Court’s gardeners. Public access is available throughout the year. Individual areas, events and the palace itself have their own visitor arrangements.

Painshill Park

Palacio de la Aljafería

Zaragoza

Palacio de la Aljafería is a château at Zaragoza, Aragon, in Spain. Its architecture is recorded as Renaissance architecture. The register records it as “World Heritage Site”. Details are drawn from Wikidata.

Pena Palace

Pena Palace and its surrounding park form an ensemble on the Sintra hills. The palace is associated with Fernando II and Portuguese Romanticism. Its coloured façades rise above a wooded park crossed by winding paths.

Regents Park

Ringve Botanical Garden

Ringve Botanical Garden is on the Lade peninsula, about three kilometres east of central Trondheim. Established by the university in 1973, it is managed by NTNU University Museum. Its living collections support research, teaching and the conservation of threatened species. The garden includes an arboretum, a systematic collection showing plant relationships, historic perennials and a Renaissance garden with herbs used locally since at least 1694. The estate’s nineteenth-century landscape park forms another distinct area. NTNU states that the garden is always open and entry is free.

Rogaland Arboretum

Rogaland Arboretum is at Espeland in Sandnes. Its operator presents it as a botanical garden and living museum devoted to trees and shrubs. The grounds extend over approximately 70 hectares, with a substantial network of public paths. The collections support the study and conservation of plants and include a wide range of species. The arboretum welcomes visitors throughout the year and provides maps, collection information and practical guidance on accessibility. Café facilities and organised activities follow separate schedules.

Rosenborg Castle

Rosenborg is a Renaissance palace beside the King’s Garden in central Copenhagen. Its collections include the Danish crown jewels and royal regalia. The palace also contains Christian IV’s audience rooms and the bedchamber where he died in 1648.